DronePath · Single-Delivery Noise Impact Cork · Marina Market Depot

One delivery, thousands of homes within earshot.

Every delivery sweeps an audible noise corridor across the streets below it. The further the destination sits from the depot, the more homes fall inside that corridor — a longer line drawn over denser residential ground.

Fig. 01 · Corridor
Noise corridor from the Marina Market depot (D) to Bessboro (C) in Cork, showing four coloured ground-level noise bands over the residential streets between them.
Single-delivery corridor from Marina Market (D) to Bessboro (C) — the furthest of the four destinations modelled below. Coloured bands show ground-level noise relative to the suburban ambient baseline (42 dBA): red where it is loudest along the flight line, fading to green at the audible edge. Source: dronepath.net.

Average per single delivery
3,405
homes inside the audible footprint per single delivery, averaged across four destinations.

Each delivery flies the corridor twice — outbound and return — so every building inside the band experiences two distinct overflight events.

1,608Lowest
Ballintemple
4,884Highest
Bessboro

You hear it before you see it. Because the sound spreads outward in every direction, it reaches far beyond the homes directly under the line — on the order of 100–300 m to either side, depending on how quiet things are. Most people register a delivery by ear first: it announces itself well before it is overhead, and is still audible after it has passed.


Hear it for yourself.

Decibels only tell half the story. Manna says the drones are no louder than everyday background noise — so here is what they actually sound like passing over a home, and a way to judge that sound against others at the very same volume.

Cruise pass overhead~59 dBA · TCD
0:00
Recording coming soon — drop a clip at assets/drone-cruise.mp3.
Delivery hover & descent66–68 dBA · TCD
0:00
Recording coming soon — drop a clip at assets/drone-delivery.mp3.

“No louder than a lawnmower.” Often true on paper — but the character of a sound decides how much it grates. A drone’s pitch, tonal whine and the way it moves overhead make it carry and intrude in a way a steady background hum does not, even at the same measured loudness.

Clips are residents’ own recordings, used with permission. Your device volume is not calibrated, so these convey the character of the sound rather than a measured level — the decibel figures come from the Trinity College Dublin study (Nash & Kennedy, 2024). A short text description accompanies each clip for anyone using a screen reader.


02

Breakdown by destination

Ballintempleclosest
~1.2 km
1,608Total homes
Loud222
Clearly aud.308
Noticeable408
Faint670
Ballinloughmid
~2.0 km
3,568Total homes
Loud388
Clearly aud.460
Noticeable866
Faint1,854
Blackrockmid
~2.6 km
3,558Total homes
Loud402
Clearly aud.744
Noticeable962
Faint1,450
Bessboro ↑furthest
~3.0 km
4,884Total homes
Loud804
Clearly aud.996
Noticeable1,238
Faint1,846

Bar lengths are scaled to a common maximum so destinations can be compared directly. The closest destination affects the fewest homes; the furthest, the most.


What the bands mean
How loud is “loud”?

Each band shows ground-level noise from a single overflight, as a multiple of the suburban Cork ambient baseline (42 dBA).

Loud
~3–5× louder than ambient · 57–67 dBA at ground
Clearly audible
~2–3× louder than ambient · 52–57 dBA
Noticeable
~1.5–2× louder than ambient · 47–52 dBA
Faint
just audible above ambient · 42–47 dBA
A note on sound character
How loud isn’t the whole story.
PLAN VIEW FORWARD DIRECTLY BELOW loudest · deep thump whine quieter whine quieter carries furthest along the path

Where a home sits relative to the flight line changes both how loud a pass is and what it sounds like. Trinity College Dublin’s measurements found the overall level is highest directly beneath the drone, and the sound carries further forward and back along the flight path than out to the sides — the airframe partly shields the sideways direction.

The character shifts with angle too. Directly underneath, low frequencies dominate — a deep thump. Off to the side, more of the high-frequency, tonal content comes through: the whinier, more modulated sound people most often describe as annoying.

A single dBA figure captures none of this. The readings above measure loudness — not character, and not direction.


More of the evidence
How visible is it overhead? → Birds, bats & the law →
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